Bethel United Methodist Church, Sumter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Methodists arrived in South Carolina by the end of the 18th century. By 1787, a congregation organized by Rev. Richard Swift was meeting at Rembert’s Church, about 4 ½ miles north of the present church’s location. Within four years, Methodists were also gathering for worship at various camp-meeting grounds. One of the most popular of these grounds was Lodebar, situated about 1 mile west of Bethel. Lodebar Church was formed at this site by 1814. As early as 1811, a congregation was meeting 2 miles south of the Bethel site in Clark’s meeting house. Another church, Sardis, was situated 1 mile east on Scape Ore Swamp. These churches continued to grow until 1856 when Clark’s church built a new church that was consolidated with Lodebar’s, along with additional members from Rembert’s and Sardis. This new building, completed and dedicated in 1858, would be called Bethel, meaning “House of God.” The church was built by its members and their slaves with hand-drawn and hewn timber donated by members. In 1859, it became clear that a cemetery was needed, as three young sons of Capt. J.F. Michaux died of diphtheria within days of each other. These were the first graves placed at Bethel cemetery.In 1879, an acre of land on Lodebar Road was given by M.T. McLeod for the purpose of building a parsonage. In 1880, Brother J.S. Beasley and his family moved in. Over 20 years later, in 1902, the church purchased land in the village of Oswego and built a new parsonage at a cost of $1,300. This is on the site of the present brick parsonage, which was built in 1940. At Bethel Church, in 1917 more comfortable pews made of oakwood replaced the original hand-made ones. The original pews were sold to Clark’s church. One of the original pews still remains at Bethel. In 1949, Bethel added 10 classrooms in a two-story structure that forms two wings across the back of the present-day church. In 1966, a small chapel was designed by Ellis Cook and built to provide space for dinners, church meetings and receptions. This building is called “Little Bethel.” Now more than 140 years old, Bethel UMC, stately and serenely beautiful, symbolizes the faith and service to God of devoted and courageous congregations. Source: SCDAH; Bethel UMC web site (www.bethelumcoswego.org/history.html)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".