Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in a Subarctic Ringed Seal Food Web in Lake Melville, Northern Labrador, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study was carried out on the distribution, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water and ringed seal food web of Lake Melville. The results indicate that short-chain PFAS such as perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) predominates in Lake Melville water. Concentrations of other PFAS are diluted by seawater intrusion from Labrador Sea along the freshwater-marine gradient of this estuary, with freshwater flowing seaward atop of seawater flowing landward. PFBA predominates in freshwater zooplankton, whereas perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) predominates in marine zooplankton, and PFOS bioaccumulates in both freshwater and marine zooplankton. The results also indicate that perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) predominates in fish livers and PFOS and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) predominate in ringed seal livers. Trophic magnification factor values > 1 (range from 1.66 to 7.44 log ng/ g w.w.) showed that long-chain PFCA, PFHxS, and PFOS biomagnify throughout ringed seal food web.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".