Boundary layer behaviour on a morphing airfoil: simulation and wind tunnel tests
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the boundary layer transitional flow behaviour past a morphing experimental wing. The objective of the present investigation is to reduce aerodynamic drag through laminar-turbulent transition location delay to promote large laminar region on the wing surface. The airfoil shape configurations of the adaptable part of the wing were optimized to extend the laminar flow on the upper surface of the airfoil. The optimizations were preformed with two different approaches. The classical approach uses a mathematical curve to model the flexible part. The multidisciplinary approach integrates the finite element model of the adaptable wing structure into the aerodynamic optimization process. The latter approach avoids the difficult task of reproducing the geometric representations of the airfoils, leading to the optimum performances offered by the morphing wing system. The optimizations are performed for various subsonic incompressible regimes using the computational fluid dynamics code Xfoil (Drela 2006) and the structural analysis software ANSYS coupled with a genetic optimization algorithm (Genial v1.1). Simulation and experimental results are presented and show that the morphing system is able to delay the transition location downstream by up to 30% of the chord length and to reduce the airfoil drag by up to 22%. Infra red maps and unsteady pressure frequency spectra measured on of the upper surface of the wing are also presented and show the laminar run extension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".