The Caledon-Guelph outwash, Ontario, Canada, its origin, deposits, and economics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Late Pleistocene Caledon-Guelph outwash has developed in front of the Paris Moraine from Caledon to Guelph and to Paris in southwestern Ontario. Its sediments were transported and deposited by braided meltwater streams that flowed quasi-parallel to the front of the Ontario lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. These streams received input of sediment and water from various points along their path, and never developed a graded profile. They were also affected by strongly variable discharge related to variation in thaw in different seasons and from day and night. Occasional bursts of ice-dammed supra- and/or sub-glacial lakes may have triggered short-lived but powerful mega-floods. These events led to a complex distribution of variable deposits of sand and gravel. As a result, these deposits maintain the record of events and processes active in these glacial marginal environments. These sand and gravel deposits were studied in four representative pits: Caledon, Erin, Martini (within the outwash), and the Leslie pit (within an ice-contact zone). Stagnant water conditions are revealed by few local occurrences of silt and fine sand layers. Braided stream conditions, with continuous cutting and filling of channels, is revealed by the alternation of massive sandy gravels and cross-bedded deposits. Evidence of extremely large magnitude floods is recorded by the presence of imbricated coarse boulders, large foresetted deposits, and large channel fills, particularly in the Caledon region. The Caledon-Guelph outwash is an economically important aggregate deposit. The deposits are valuable because of their quantity and quality. They are thick, lack deleterious lithologies, usually require limited processing, are located near transportation routes, and major market areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".