The chemical effect of CO2 replacement of N2 in air on the burning velocity and structure of methane premixed flames
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A numerical study was conducted to investigate the chemical effect of CO2 replacement of N2 in air on the burning velocity and structure of freely-propagating planar CH4/O2/N2/CO2 flames at atmospheric pressure. Detailed chemistry and complex thermal and transport properties were employed in the calculations. The chemical effect of CO2 was numerically separated from its effects of thermal and transport properties using the strategy developed previously by the authors. Numerical results indicate that the chemical effect of CO2 significantly reduces the burning velocity of CH4/O2/N2/CO2 flames. While the chemical effect of CO2 slightly lowers the mixture adiabatic flame temperature, the significant reduction of the burning velocity by the chemical effect of CO2 is primarily a direct consequence of the reduced temperature gradiant across the reaction zone. The three major reaction pathways of the chemical effect of CO2 were found to be (equation). The presence of CO2 in the fresh mixture plays a chemically inhibiting role through its competition for H radicals with (equation) leading to reduction of the chain branching rate
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".