Design and Optimization of Buoyant Photocatalysts for Passive Degradation of Trace Organic Pollutants in Drinking and Industrial Process-affected Water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The 1.6•10^12 L of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) in sedimentation ponds in northern Alberta contains 20-120 mg L-1 of naphthenic acids (NAs), a class of molecules acutely toxic to aquatic life [1]. Photocatalytic degradation of NAs in OSPW has been demonstrated by TiO2 containing buoyant photocatalysts [2], [3]. Composed of a buoyant hollow glass microsphere, TiO2, and a silica binder, the buoyant photocatalyst degrades the NAs in a passive advanced oxidation process. However, nucleophilic attack on the silica binder by hydroxide ions of the alkaline OSPW reduce the durability of the buoyant photocatalyst. Formulation changes to the buoyant photocatalyst resulted in the adoption of alumina hydrosol as a more durable binder over the previously used silica. In a second study, the improved buoyant photocatalyst was then used to detoxify water containing trace amounts of 1,4-dioxane, an emerging and recalcitrant pollutant found in drinking water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".