The development and validation of a synthetic septoplasty surgical training model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Septoplasty surgery is a core competency for an otolaryngologist.It is performed through the relatively small nostrils and involves multiple steps, which make the procedure difficult to observe and learn.Objective: To develop and validate a high fidelity septoplasty training tool built using three-dimensional printing technology.Methods: One deviated nasal septum case was chosen from among multiple computed tomography (CT) scans.The radiographic data were exported and underwent segmentation to obtain a complete computer model and used to create a synthetic replica of a deviated nasal septum using additive manufacturing.Each printed prototype was examined by two experienced otolaryngologists and changes were made as needed.The final physical replica was then evaluated for septoplasty simulation by 20 otolaryngologists with different levels of training.A survey was completed by each participant after the simulation, and observations associated with each simulation were obtained, including the time needed to complete the simulation and the rate of complications , such as the number of flap perforations that occurred. Results:The fabricated physical replica of the nasal septum incorporated two different materials mixed to obtain different stiffnesses that approximated the properties of the nasal septum, and allowed the users to perform the basic steps of septoplasty, such as flap elevation and deviation resection.The replica was anatomically correct.The steps required to complete the simulation were found to be realistic, with scores of 4.05 (0.82) and 4.2 (1), respectively, on a 5-point Likert scale.Ninety-two percent of the residents v desired the replica to be implemented into their teaching curriculum.There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the expert, intermediate, and novice groups in the (i) time taken, (ii) nares cut, and (ii) task-specific checklist answers.However, for other performance metrics, no significant differences were found.The septoplasty taskspecific checklist and global assessment tool also yielded significant differences between results from trainees with different levels of experience. Conclusion:The replica presents a new and innovative option for the training of junior trainees in a safe environment.This is the first physical replica of the nasal septum introduced for this purpose.The findings of the study support the validity of the replica for surgical training purposes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".