Effects of Anthropogenic Light and Noise on Anti-Predator Behaviour and Reproductive Success of an Urban Nesting Passerine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Species inhabiting urbanized habitats are continually facing challenges as urbanization intensifies. For urban birds, noise pollution may affect acoustic communication, and light pollution may affect circadian rhythms, yet very little research has been conducted in these areas. I investigated the effects of noise and light pollution on daily nest survival and anti-predator behaviour of American robins (Turdus migratorius) Toronto, ON Canada over 2 summers by monitoring nests and by using an observational and experimental approach. Anti-predator behaviours were influenced by light and noise pollution, but nest survival was unaffected. Higher levels of anthropogenic light and noise had no effect on nest survival; even experimentally increasing light levels at nests had no effect. Higher light and noise pollution did increase the frequency of anti-predator behaviours by nesting birds. Lastly, in areas of higher noise pollution robins were less likely to respond to experimental predator calls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".