Evacuation of the World Trade Center: what went right?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The evacuation of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 was not the first evacuation of the 110-storey high towers. Partial and full evacuations had taken place on other occasions. One particular event was the full evacuation of the two towers on Friday February 26, 1993 when a bomb exploded in the underground garage. The comparison of the 1993 and 2001 evacuations allows contrasting the occupants' understanding of the situation, their response and behaviour. Study results of the 1993 evacuation are compared to the analysis of first-person accounts found in the media following the 2001 disaster. It is concluded that the two full evacuations differ substantially. In September 2001, if the conditions had been similar to the ones experienced in 1993, many more occupants would have perished. The low number of fatalities below the floors of impact in 2001 suggests that several factors contributed to support the evacuation, which resulted in a successful evacuation for most occupants, located below the floors of impact.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".