An evidence-based assessment of variation in equine hoof conformations to farriery techniques in Federal Territory and Selangor stables, Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Equine hoof plays an important role in the performance of horses. There is minimal research done on hoof conformation in Malaysia. This study was carried out in 5 established stables in Federal Territory and Selangor, to determine how different farriery interventions could affect the conformation of the hoof, and to provide basic data on hoof measurements. A total of 54 actively shod and sound working horses were used to assess all limbs for hoof angle (HA), quarter width (QW), sole length (SL), frog length (FL) and width (FW), heel width (HW) and height (HH), toe length (TL), hoof pastern axis (HPA), sole concavity, and wear and tear of shoes. There were no significant differences in hoof assessments in horses managed by different farriers. However, this study showed that the common faults in farriery including low HA, long toes, low HH, and narrow frog. These farriery faults can eventually cause internal foot injuries and lameness in horses. Hence, proper farriery techniques should be implemented to produce sound and better performance horses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".