Expression and Clinical Significance of IL-33 and IL-25 in Post-Irradiation Otitis Media with Effusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Zhihe Lin,1,&ast; Chuntao Deng,2,&ast; Dan Wang,3,&ast; Bo Lyu,1 Jiaying Pan,4 Jinlian Li,1 Minting Chen,1 Zhaoxia Zhang,5 Zibin Liang,6 Lei Chen,7 Shaoyan Feng1 1Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, ENT Institute, Fudan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 5Office of Organ Transplant Management, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shaoyan Feng, Email fengshaoyan97@163.com; fshaoy@mail.sysu.edu.cn Lei Chen, Email clzzzz@126.comPurpose: This study investigates IL-33 and IL-25 expression in post-radiation otitis media with effusion (POME), along with classic oxidative stress markers (MDA and SOD), to investigate radiation-induced oxidative stress and its association with ILC2-mediated chronic inflammation, providing basis for targeted therapies.Methods: Middle ear effusions (MEE) were collected from 35 irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with otitis media with effusion (POME, 43 ears) and 20 non-irradiated conventional chronic otitis media with effusion (CCOME, 20 ears) patients. IL-33, IL-25, IL-6, SOD, and MDA levels were measured by ELISA. Eustachian tube function was evaluated using the Endoscopic Evaluation of the Eustachian Tube (3ET) scoring system.Results: Comparative analysis revealed distinct molecular profiles between POME and CCOME, with POME showing significantly reduced IL-33 levels (p=0.046) but elevated SOD activity (p=0.015), along with a non-significant trend toward higher MDA (p=0.083). Temporal analysis demonstrated peak expression of both IL-25 and IL-33 at 6 months post-radiation. Correlation studies identified significant associations between IL-33 (r=0.391) and IL-6, as well as between IL-25 (r=0.483) and IL-6 (both p< 0.01). Clinically, IL-25 levels showed positive correlation with 3ET endoscopic scores (r=0.407, p=0.021) and were significantly reduced following tympanostomy tube placement (p=0.024). Notably, no direct correlation was observed between IL-33 and IL-25 (p> 0.05), nor were any significant associations found with allergic comorbidities (all p> 0.05).Conclusion: IL-33 and IL-25 synergistically drive ILC2-mediated chronic inflammation in radiation-induced OME, with IL-25 emerging as a biomarker for radiotherapy-associated Eustachian tube dysfunction. The 6-month cytokine surge post-radiation highlights a therapeutic window for targeted interventions to mitigate long-term complications. Keywords: post-irradiation, otitis media with effusion, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, interleukin-33, interleukin-25
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".