First Nations women's experiences with perinatal care in Northern Manitoba
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Problem: First Nations women living in rural or remote communities in Canada are often required to leave their communities for perinatal care due to Health Canada’s Evacuation Policy. Forced evacuation disrupts traditional birthing practices and knowledge transfer and has numerous adverse effects on First Nations women, children, families, and communities. In Northern Manitoba, a large proportion of First Nations women have to travel more than two hours to give birth, and many experience a lack of choice regarding their perinatal health care, while the care available is often fragmented and culturally unsafe. Methods: This study was guided by a Two-Eyed Seeing framework and utilized Sharing Circles, an Indigenous practice used in research. I gathered the stories of First Nations mothers and Elders from Northern Manitoba as they shared their experiences of accessing care during the perinatal period. I also gathered their recommendations for changes to the perinatal care system in Northern Manitoba. Due to feasibility issues, most participants shared their stories in a one-on-one, conversational method. Results: Two mothers and three Elders from Northern Manitoba shared their stories and experiences with perinatal care. The women who were able to utilize traditional birthing practices spoke positively of these experiences, while the experiences shared about the Western medical system were largely negative. The participants also shared teachings, recommendations, and advice for First Nations mothers and for changes that can be made to the perinatal care system in Northern Manitoba to better support First Nations women and deliver more appropriate, culturally safe care. Conclusions: The perinatal care experience of many First Nations women in Northern Manitoba continues to be defined by lack of choice, communication, and support, long periods of forced travel away from community resulting in isolation and disconnection, and experiences of racism and culturally unsafe care. In order for perinatal care to be culturally safe and centred around women and families, governments, policy-makers, and health care providers must privilege the knowledges and experiences of First Nations women and families, and work with First Nations communities in their efforts to incorporate midwifery and traditional birthing practices and return birth to communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".