First Breeding Record of Canvasback for Toronto
Bibliographic record
Abstract
a female Canvasback (Aythya valisneria) with three downy young was found on Toronto's Leslie Street Spit.This observation establishes the first breeding record for Toronto and constitutes one of only a handful of records of confirmed breeding in Ontario (Coady 2000).It was not until 1983 that the Canvasback was officially added to the list of Ontario breeding species, when a brood was photographed at Luther Marsh by Liz Yerex (James 1984).Prior to that time, there had been reports of breeding at Lake St. Clair going back to 1897, but no material evidence (Peck and James 1987).There had also been a number of instances of summering at Luther Marsh, and brood sightings there in 1965 and 1981 (Coady 2000)).During the Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas period (1981 to 1985), breeding was also confirmed at Berens Lake, north of Red Lake in northwestern Ontario, in 1984 (Cadman et al. 1987).Since the Canvasback is primarily a prairie species, one would not expect there to be breeding records east of Ontario, but the Quebec Atlas mentions two possible occurrences (Tardif and Gagnon 1996).The first was at Lake Chicobi, Abitibi, in 1973, and the second from Lac du Milieu in
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".