Fusarium mycotoxicoses in poultry and swine: a comparative study of characterization and prevention
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin), zearalenone and fusaric acid are the most commonly found 'Fusarium' mycotoxins in Ontario-grown feedstuffs. Trials were conducted to compare the effects of feeding diets naturally-contaminated with 'Fusarium' mycotoxins on broiler chickens and starter pigs. The contaminated diets were formulated by replacing corn and wheat of the control diet with those naturally-contaminated with ' Fusarium' mycotoxins. A polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GM polymer) was also tested for its ability to prevent 'Fusarium' mycotoxicoses. Starter pigs were fed approximately half the amount of contaminated grains compared to broiler chickens. Feed intake and weight gain in pigs fed contaminated grains was reduced by 32 and 34%, respectively, while the decreases in broiler chickens were 15 and 12%. There is strong evidence that serotonergic and [alpha]2-noradrenergic systems interact antagonistically through medial hypothalamic satiety mechanisms. Serotonergic neurotransmitter concentrations were elevated, while norepinephrine concentrations decreased in the brain of pigs fed contaminated grains. The lack of an antagonistic interaction of these two systems on feed intake might explain feed refusal in pigs. In contrast, both norepinephrine and serotonergic neurotransmitter concentrations were elevated in broiler chickens, thus permitting the possible antagonistic interaction between the two systems. This situation may explain the less severe feed refusal seen in broiler chickens. The feeding of contaminated grains increased serum IgA and IgM concentrations in pigs, but not in broiler chickens. Peripheral blood monocyte and B cell numbers were decreased in chickens fed contaminated grains but not in pigs. The feeding of contaminated diets did not significantly alter contact hypersensitivity and antibody response. It was concluded that the changes in the number of peripheral blood immune cells were more prominent in broiler chickens than in starter pigs, but this was not enough to alter antibody and cell-mediated immune responses. Glucomannan polymer was able to prevent some of the adverse effects of 'Fusarium' mycotoxins on serum immunoglobulin concentrations, brain regional neurotransmitter concentrations, serum chemistry and hematology. It was, however, unable to prevent 'Fusarium' mycotoxin-induced reduction in feed intake and weight gains at the levels of inclusion of contaminated grains in the current studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".