Global and local ecological impacts of chloride-based road deicing salts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chloride-based road deicers are commonly used for winter road maintenance but can be detrimental in both terrestrial and aquatic environments.The objective of this thesis was to investigate the impacts of road salting both globally and locally in Halifax, Nova Scotia.A metaanalysis of the impacts of road salting across individual, community, and ecosystem levels found that road salt can have significant negative effects across ecological scales.Locally, fifteen wetlands across Halifax were tested to determine whether direct stormwater outflows impacted salinity and soil mineral concentrations more than runoff and identify whether these sites were salinized above recommended thresholds.Although all fifteen wetlands were above the threshold, direct stormwater outflows were not found to significantly impact wetland soil salinity, suggesting that other factors (such as urbanization) may be affecting the salinization of these wetlands.This thesis highlights the need for further research on road salting impacts in understudied ecosystems.unceded territory of the Mi'kmaq peoples.I would like to thank my supervisors, Dr. Erin Cameron and Dr. Andrew Medeiros
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".