The Influence of Sediment Characteristics on the Burrowing Behavior of Juvenile Razor Clams, Ensis directus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ensis directus, or the Atlantic razor clam, is an infaunal bivalve species whose geographic range extends along the Atlantic coast of North America, from Canada to South Carolina. In this study, I examined the burrowing behavior of large juvenile razor clams (shell length: 60-78 mm) in two sediment types: fine mud sediment and coarse sand sediment. I categorized the burrowing behavior into four independent phases: recovery, exploration, initiation, and tunneling and recorded the proportion and time of completion of each stage of burrowing. With each clam having been exposed to both sediment types, more razor clams burrowed in the fine mud sediment and did so more quickly than in the coarse sand sediment in all phases of burrowing behavior, with statistical significant differences in the exploration, initiation, and tunneling phases between the two sediment types. Measurements of the shear and compressive strengths of both sediment types determined that the coarse sand sediment is more resistant to sediment deformation. Lastly, I utilized pressure sensors to correlate the phases of burrowing activities with changes in the pressure within sediment porewater, noting that larger changes in porewater pressure occurred while burrowing in the fine mud sediment compared to the coarse sand sediment. This research determined that the burrowing behavior of this species is sediment-dependent and should be taken into account to facilitate the establishment of razor-clam aquaculture.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".