Land, sovereignty, and migration during an era of change: Manitoba, 1870s
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Manitoba began the 1870s as an Indigenous province, entering Confederation in the aftermath of the well-studied period of the Red River Resistance of 1870. By the 1880s, Manitoba’s power structures and land were largely in settler hands, and the province was being promoted as a fertile land of opportunity for immigrants. This dissertation is concerned with the years of transition during the 1870s where settlers immigrated to Manitoba and through the mechanisms of laws, immigration, and violence asserted control over the region. The newspapers and immigration literature downplayed the violence and dispossession that was occurring while depicting an optimistic view of Manitoba intended to recruit immigrants. Settler fears and anxieties about life in Manitoba shaped the newspaper coverage of the first decade of the new province. The myth of Canadian sovereignty over Manitoba in the 1870s was repeated until the settler population was large enough to make the claim believable. During the 1870s the small settler population in Manitoba worked to grow their numbers through immigration and to change how land was understood and claimed, and much of this work was done in the pages of the local newspapers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".