Location based services & telecartography : proceedings of the symposium 2004
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Map-making has been respected for centuries, and especially since the development of printing, for the skills of creating real paper maps.Today, however, with computers and GIS, cartography may have lost some status.Through a review of the history and nature of the subject this paper proposes that cartography is basically an internal, virtual process directed, primarily, at spatial problemsolving.As such it has an essential if informal aspect which everyone employs from day to day.In recent centuries, however, formal externalised cartography has grown through printing and now, computer assistance.With the latter the name may have been partially displaced by the technology behind it (notably GIS) but in truth the subject retains its fundamental identity and has continued to progress and mature with the aid of new technologies.The most recent -LBS and telecartography -are now contributing to the less formal branch of mapping, where cartography not only supports scientific investigation but also some of our daily spatial tasks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.117 | 0.068 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".