A Measurement of the ^(10)Be/^9Be ratio above 1.0 GeV/nucleon: Results from the 1998 Flight of ISOMAX \n
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Isotope Magnet Experiment, ISOMAX, was a balloon-borne instrument designed to measure the isotopic composition of the light elements in cosmic rays (3 ≤ Z ≤ 8), with a particular emphasis on the measurement of the radioactive isotope 10 Be. ISOMAX, flown in August 1998 from Lynn Lake, Manitoba, Canada, measured isotope mass with excellent resolution by combining velocity measurements from a time-of-flight (TOF) system and two Cherenkov detectors with magnetic rigidity (charge/momentum) measurements from the magnetic spectrometer. Velocity from the TOF can be used to resolve isotopes of beryllium from ˜0.2 GeV/nucleon to just above 1 GeV/nucleon. The Cherenkov counters employed silica-aerogel radiators with indices of refraction n=1.14, corresponding to an energy threshold of ˜1 GeV/nucleon. Thus, the velocity measurement from the Cherenkov counters complements and extends the energy range covered by the TOF. We discuss improvements to the mass resolution above Cherenkov threshold and present results for the 10 Be/9 Be and 7 Be/Be ratios in the energy range covered by the Cherenkov counters (1.1-2.0 GeV/nucleon).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".