Marriage outside of kinship
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Tubu are Saharan-Sahelian herders whose area, centred in Northern Chad covers a quarter of the Sahara, spilling into Libya in the north, Niger in the west and Sudan in the East. Broadly speaking, their lifestyle is comparable to that of the other nomads, living off extensive camel farming in this wide climatic belt of the Sahara-Sahel, stretching out from Senegal to the Red Sea. But in their marriage rules, the Tubu are radically different from the other cultural groups that constitute the Moors in the west, the Tuaregs and various other Bedouin tribes in the north and in the east. For them, marriage is rigorously forbidden within cognatic kinship, either close or distant, contrary to the other herders who tend to favour marriage among cousins. This marriage rule, of which they are very proud, forces them to endlessly look for new alliances which materialise through important livestock transfers between the various family units. It is on this basis that they have built a society where interpersonal networks count as much —if not more— than clans or lineages. As a result, they display great flexibility and resilience that sheds light on the motives of the political anarchy which, as a matter of fact, characterises these herders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".