Numerical simulations of geothermal energy transfer beneath exothermic waste rock piles.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The installation of a ground coupled heat pump system can be expensive because it requires the drilling of boreholes to install ground heat exchangers. The cost of a system can be reduced by decreasing the total heat exchanger length or the number of boreholes, which depends, among other factors, on the ambient subsurface temperature. Systems designed according to heating loads therefore require fewer heat exchangers for higher subsurface temperatures. At open pit mines, where waste rock is accumulated in piles, exothermic oxidation of sulfide minerals within the piles can increase subsurface temperatures. To investigate the potential reduction in borehole length resulting from increased subsurface temperatures, heat transfer associated to a vertical ground heat exchanger installed beneath a waste pile was simulated with a numerical model. The physical characteristics of the pile are based on those of the South Dump waste rock pile of the Doyon Mine in Abitibi, Qu´ebec, Canada. Optimization of the heating loads assigned to the exchanger shows that the borehole length required for a given building can be reduced by 15% to 46%, depending on the location of the system relative to the waste rock pile.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".