Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lee M. Bingham graduated from the University of Maine with a Bachelor’s degree in Agricultural Science in 1963 before completing a fifth year Certificate and M.S. in Pulp & Paper Technology. His professional career began at P. H. Glatfelter in Spring Grove, PA where he was a project chemist working in chemical recovery. After 13 years at Glatfelter, Bingham moved to Boise Cascade’s St. Helens, OR mill as Pulp Production Manager. In 1981, Bingham moved to the Company’s St. Frances Ontario mill as Operations Manager. He later relocated to Boise Idaho to serve as a Corporate Project Director. In 1989, Bingham joined Great Norther Paper as manager of the East Millinocket mill. Soon thereafter, the mill was purchased by Georgia-Pacific and he was reassigned to the Toledo Oregon mill of G-P as mill manager. He then moved to the Company’s Atlanta Corporate office as Vice President of Enterprise Development. In 1999, Bingham joined a new tissue manufacturing operation of Georgia-Pacific and relocated to Neenah, Wisconsin. That operation was later acquired by SCA Tissue, North America.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.225 | 0.049 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".