Pomodori e Miseria: An Anthropology of Caporalato and the Exploitation of Migrant Agricultural Labourers in Italian Tomato Production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research focuses on understanding the phenomenon of caporalato – an Italian-based system of migrant agricultural labour exploitation. It considers the historical and ethnographic contexts within which migrant agricultural labour are embedded to understand the ongoing exploitation faced by migrants involved in Italian tomato production. This research investigates caporalato through an examination of its development and the systemic relationships that maintain its exploitative practices and usage of migrant labour. The findings demonstrate that globalization has re-organized traditional Italian food systems, introduced migrants as a primary source of agricultural labour, obfuscated forms of exploitation, and rendered invisible the experiences of migrants. Additionally, the processes that facilitate organization of agricultural labour for production of Italian tomatoes are found to be sites of contested control where corporate, private, and organized crime interests intersect against the limited agency of often undocumented migrants within a structuralized system of agricultural labour exploitation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".