Real Pandemic: Institutional Neglect
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The neoliberal market-reform within the Canadian tertiary education sector led to the proliferation in student mobility, which has translated to 600,000 international students (IS) over the past two decades (Scott et al., 2015; Firang, 2020), contributing to Canada’s gross domestic product (GDP) by $26.1 billion (IRCC, 2019). Racialized IS attending post-secondary education (PSE) in Canada accounted for systemic barriers that thereby hinder their student experience and academic outcomes. Such challenges included culture shock (Popadiuk & Arthur, 2004), linguistic speaking barriers (Guo & Guo, 2017), discrimination (Myles & Cheng, 2003; Chen & Zhou, 2019), employment exploitation (Scott et al., 2015), securing housing, and utility resources (Calder et al., 2016). Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine and national security measures, racialized IS were vulnerable constituents within higher education (HE), however, little is known about their experiences during this dire circumstance, nor the implications of their identities as racialized and/or foreign others. Studies suggest that IS confront exacerbated academic, financial, health, mental, linguistic, and interpersonal challenges, mobility concerns, xenophobia, and discrimination (Bilecen, 2020; Chirikov & Soria, 2020; Li et al., 2020; Van de Velde et al., 2021). Other research reported that IS are more satisfied than domestic students, regarding the support they received from universities (Chirikov & Soria, 2020), their ability to adapt to remote learning (Chirikov & Soria, 2020; Nurfaidah et al., 2020), and felt a greater sense of agency within the community (Li et al., 2020; Nurfaidah et al., 2020). This research intends to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has conditioned or changed racialized IS’ experiences in Southern Ontario, while simultaneously investigating the ways in which policies and support programs can mitigate the ramification during their remote instruction (Bolumole, 2020; Oanh et al., 2020). The research aims to illuminate and project racialized IS' voices/concerns towards Ontario higher educational institutions (HEIs) while they adapt to an uncertain and bleak new reality during the quarantine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.017 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.012 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.041 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".