Representing the criminal body in the city: knowledge, publics and power in the seventeenth-century Dutch republic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This dissertation explores representations of the punished criminal body as it moved in, out and through the city during punishment rituals in the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic. The transgressive body was put on view at a number of publicly accessible sites such as the Town Hall and Town Square where criminal trials and executions occurred; the gallows field where dead criminal bodies were placed on display; and the anatomy theatre where cadavers were dissected in search of new anatomical knowledge. This study investigates the social, religious and legal importance of spaces of criminal punishment, placing particular emphasis on the uses of various media to advertise and transmit information about public executions and dissections. The main objects of analysis include paintings, drawings, prints, anatomical illustrations, sculpture, flap-sheet anatomies and preserved body parts, which were actively circulated during the seventeenth century. This dissertation argues that the visual media related to criminal punishments served a key role in asserting republican ideals and demonstrating the ability of civic officials to maintain order and control. Conversely, the wide circulation of some types of visual culture had the potential to subvert official messages through their ability to engage an expanded audience in discussion and debate. Visual culture related to criminal punishments thus opened up a space in which dissenting positions could be formulated. As this thesis demonstrates, the dissemination of visual culture related to the delinquent body brought together seemingly disparate groups of people and solicited their participation, especially in the generation of new knowledge about the body. This participation, however, may have been an unintended outcome of punishment rituals and underscores the increasingly collective and public nature of knowledge in the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".