Semangat patriotisme dalam kalangan mahasiswa bukan Melayu di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi sekitar Lembah Kelang
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Media reports since 2003 have revealed that non-Malay youths especially Chinese and Indians have shown lack of interest in the state defence institutions such as PDRM and ATM which are the main manifestation of patriotism. This situation is said to show lack of patriotism amongst them. Thus, this research is to determine the strength of their patriotism to this country. A total of 743 students had been chosen randomly from two Public Higher Education Institutions (IPTA) and two Private Higher Education Institutions (IPTS) in the Klang Valley. The questionnaire method of survey was utilised in collecting the data for this research, which mainly used the descriptive and the inference statistics analysis. The inference statistic used was the one way test ANOVA, whereas the descriptive statistical method comprised the mean analysis, and percentages. The results show that the level of patriotism is average among non-Malay students. Patriotism amongst respondents was also compared to level of patriotism showed by the American, Canadian, Italian, Thai, Indonesian, Iranian, China and South Korean younger generation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".