Surplus Dairy Calf Transportation: Effects on Lying Behavior and Investigating Nutritional Strategies to Improve Health, Growth, and Behaviour
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this thesis was to investigate the impact of long-distance transportation on calf health and welfare using a multidisciplinary approach. This thesis investigates the effect of 6, 12, and 16 h of transportation on surplus calf lying behaviour. Calves transported for 12 h and 16 h spent less time lying down and a greater number of lying bouts on the day of transportation than calves transported for 6 h. Calves transported for 16 h had the greatest lying time on the day following transportation. This thesis also assessed the effect of feeding calves a high sodium (ORS-D) or potassium oral rehydration solution (ORS-T), or milk replacer (MR) during a mid-transportation rest period on health and behaviour outcomes. Calves fed ORS-T or ORS-D had more fat mobilization than calves fed MR. Calves fed ORS-T tended to have a higher level of diarrhea and respiratory disease than calves fed MR.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".