T lymphocyte responses to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map)-derived culture filtrate proteins and membrane vesicles during early intestinal Map infection in calves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Johne’s disease (JD) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map). T lymphocytes play a significant role in JD control; however anti‐mycobacterial T cell responses during early intestinal Map infection remain poorly understood. Crude Map antigen preparations have been studied to detect T cell responses during subclinical JD; however, use of secreted Map antigens remains unexplored. Our hypothesis was that exposure of Map sensitized T cells to Map-secreted antigens would evoke T cell responses that could be assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA. We screened T lymphocytes from blood of experimentally Map-infected calves against Map whole cell sonicate, Map culture filtrate and Map membrane vesicles. Our data supported the hypothesis and secreted IFNγ was detected in supernatants of cells from only Map-infected calves upon exposure to Map antigens. Results demonstrated that CD4 T cells from Map-infected calves were a source of IFNγ produced in response to Map antigens. CD4 and WC1+ γδ T cells from Map infected calves and WC1- γδ T cells from uninfected calves proliferated after stimulation with Map antigens, which was consistent with the previous findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".