Western-Icelanders, past and present : Icelandic identity among late-generation ethnics in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canada is a multicultural country composed of more than 200 ethnicities, including Icelandic-Canadians. About 15.000 Icelanders are believed to have emigrated from Iceland to Canada and the USA in the period 1870 to 1914. The largest group of Icelandic settlers formed the colony New Iceland in the Interlake region of Manitoba. Icelanders refer to Icelandic Canadians and Icelandic Americans as Western-Icelanders. \n \nThis thesis focuses on how Canadian descendants of the Icelandic settlers see and experience themselves in relation to their Icelandic heritage. The main research questions are whether an Icelandic ethnic identity is present among late-generation ethnics; when and among whom the Icelandic ethnic identity is strongest and most present; and whether this identity might have something in common with the historical experiences of the early Western-Icelanders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six individuals who are of Icelandic descent and represent the present and future, while the past Icelandic-Canadian community experiences are presented in letters which Jón Jónsson’s, the researchers´ great-great grandfather, wrote and sent to Aðalbjörg Jónsdóttir, the researcher´s great-grandmother. Herbert J. Gans’ terms and definitions regarding ethnic identity, including his theories concerning termination of the European identities in North America, were used as guideline for this research. The research findings indicate that an Icelandic ethnic identity is present among all of the interviewees and that significant associations can be found in comparing their experiences with the practices, views and testimonies expressed in Jón Jónsson´s letters. Furthermore, only one of the informants can be viewed as having entered the last, terminal stage of Icelandic ethnic identity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".