Alterations in responsiveness and mRNA expression of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in neonatal ventral hippocampus lesioned rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neonatal ventral hippocampus (nVH) lesion in rats is a widely accepted animal model of schizophrenia due to the exclusively post-pubertal emergence of many schizophrenia-like abnormalities. Previous studies have shown increased ligand binding of a-1 adrenergic receptors (AR) in the frontal cortex of post-pubertal nVH lesioned rats, compared to sham-operated control rats. Also, pretreatment with a-1 AR antagonist prazosin reversed amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in controls, but failed to do so in lesioned animals. In order to investigate the hypothesis that nVH lesions may lead to hyperactivity of a-1 AR, we studied locomotor behavior and prepulse inhibition (PPI) in post-pubertal (PD56-90) sham and lesioned animals in response to different doses of a-1 AR agonist cirazoline. Results showed that 0.6 mg/kg cirazoline significantly increased locomotor activity in both groups of animals, without any differential effect on nVH lesioned animals. However, lesioned animals showed a substantial decrease in PPI in response to an intermediate dose of 0.45 mg/kg cirazoline that did not significantly reduce PPI in control animals. This deficit was blocked by pretreatment with prazosin, demonstrating that the effect of cirazoline was through activation of a-1 ARs. Together, these results suggest that nVH lesioned animals show a hyperactive a-1 AR system that may regulate at least some behaviors that are abnormal in these animals. In situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled, subtype-specific oligonucleotide probes for a-1 AR mRNA revealed a significantly higher number of cells labeled for a-1A AR mRNA, a lower number of cells labeled for a-1D AR mRNA, and no difference in the number of cells labeled for a-1B AR mRNA in the medial prefrontal cortex of nVH lesioned rats. These results suggest that alterations at the level of transcription of genes encoding for some a-1 AR subtypes may be responsible for the abnormal adrenergic system in nVH lesioned animals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".