Atmospheric fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the vicinity of a SÃderberg aluminum smelter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has long been known that Soderberg aluminum smelters are a large source of anthropogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment. The atmospheric fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is of importance to the aluminum industry in Canada due to their environmental persistence and potential health effects. For Soderberg smelters, the fate of facility emissions is of concern due to the involuntary nature of exposure by the general public in the surrounding regions. Excellent relationships between benzo[a]pyrene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between different types of Soderberg facilities and raw material formulations were found in the occupational environment during this investigation. This was followed by the comparison of emission profiles of a horizontal stud Soderberg aluminum smelter with profiles measured in a network of sampling stations in the adjacent community. The results suggested that benzo[a]pyrene may be less stable than the majority of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. An analysis of different sampling sites across Canada revealed that station profiles in the vicinity of Soderberg facilities were different from those found for sites impacted by steel plants, traffic and domestic heating. To explain some of the observed differences, it was hypothesized that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on particulate matter approach a relatively stable profile that is based on the particle characteristics and source intensities. Particle size distribution measurements in the vicinity of the horizontal stud Soderberg aluminum smelter indicated that the majority of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were associated with particle aerodynamic diameter less than 3 mum. Furthermore, the cascade impactor measurements indicated that there was a sampling artifact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in-situ during sampling. Relationships for the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from 1997-2002 confirmed that ben
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".