Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie: Lieferengpässe bremsen Industrie und treiben Preise
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Materialengpässe haben die deutsche Industrie im Jahr 2021 gebremst. Das Statistische Bundesamt hat die Entwicklung von Auftragseingängen, Produktion und Preisen in der Industrie vor dem Hintergrund der Materialknappheit untersucht und dazu ein Dossier veröffentlicht, das diesem Artikel als Grundlage diente. Die Analyse verdeutlicht die Situation im Jahr 2021 und stellt sie vergangenen Konjunkturzyklen gegenüber. Grundlage sind Konjunktur- und Preisindizes des Statistischen Bundesamtes und des Bundesamtes für Güterverkehr sowie Umfrageergebnisse unter anderem des ifo Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung zur Knappheit von Rohstoffen und Vorprodukten.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".