Balancing the scales: the development of public poor relief on Prince Edward Island, 1769 to 1909
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the first 150 years after Prince Edward Island was established as the British colony of St. John’s Island, it was almost completely isolated from the mainland during the long winter months by thick dangerous shifting ice packs that impeded communication and restricted the transportation of people and goods to and from the outside world. This isolation strengthening Islanders collective identity, as well as their sense of independence and resourcefulness as a people. Following its separation from Nova Scotia, an Order-in-Council had established Prince Edward Island’s colonial government institutions of Governor, Council, Supreme Court, and in 1773, Assembly. Yet, it did not introduce a poor relief system, nor did it require that the English poor laws be implemented by the Island’s government. As a result, over time, the government of Prince Edward Island created its own poor relief system. Using primary and secondary sources, this thesis examines the development of Prince Edward Island’s public poor relief system during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in comparison with the nearby colony of Nova Scotia which had adopted English Poor Laws. It demonstrates that the Island’s environmental, economic, political, and social conditions had an influence on the establishment of its public poor relief system and the Islanders served by it.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".