Behaviour of Timber-Steel Connections With Slotted-In Plates and Steel Dowels Reinforced With Self-Tapping Screws
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Construction with mass timber is increasing in both size and number of projects across Canada. With developments to CSA O86-19 allowing an increase to the maximum building height of mass timber structures to twelve storeys, designers need improved lateral load resisting systems that can provide ductile behaviour for these tall timber structures. In this thesis, the mechanics of a common connection for braced timber frames are studied through two experimental campaigns. Research was first conducted on the performance of single and double-dowel connections with one or two steel slotted-in plates. These small-scale dowelled connections were tested with and without reinforcing screws under parallel-to-grain monotonic and cyclic loads. Screws changed the failure mode of the connection, improving ductility and energy dissipation capacity by up to 3.6 and 3.5 times respectively from unreinforced specimens. When tested under cyclic loads, peak loads of specimens decreased by around 8% and some cyclic tests exhibited a pinched hysteretic response, as well as strength and stiffness degradation. Another set of experiments were conducted on full-scale connections. Four connections with double steel slotted-in plates and six dowels were tested monotonically in tension parallel to grain until failure. Unreinforced specimens failed in a brittle manner governed by row shear and specimen splitting. Reinforcement through self-tapping screws introduced ductility in the brittle specimens, and improved energy dissipation capacity by an average of 6.5 times. Overall, it was determined that dowels with a reduced slenderness ratio of 5.0 was more prone to brittle row shear failure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".