Canada's Campaign For Immigrants AndThe Images In <i>Canada West</i> Magazine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the major challenges that Canadian government officials felt they faced at the end of the nineteenth century was the development of the prairie West. By this time there were large urban centers in eastern Canada, but many Canadians worried that they had not truly ensured the future existence of their country. They hoped that filling the middle, the province of Manitoba and the region that would become the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, with prosperous, white, family farmers would support the industrialized cities of the East. To do this the government engaged in a systematic program to encourage immigration of farmers and agricultural laborers from the United States and Britain. This involved many forms of promotion, including a magazine entitled Canada West. From this publication we can see that the ideal society envisioned by Canadian officials was a modern, highly developed society, based on family farms. This work shall demonstrate through a detailed analysis of the magazine's covers over several years the ways in which Canada depicted the ideal life farmers could hope to have on the prairies. CANADA WEST AND THE PROMOTION OF CANADA The subject of this work, the publication Canada West, was one of the most important pieces of promotional material that the Canadian Immigration Branch of the Department of the Interior produced. When it was introduced, the immigration agents throughout Britain and the United States found it the most useful publication in their collection for promoting the West.1 The booklet itself was a magazine-sized text featuring sections on the general history of Canada, the development of the West, and each of the prairie provinces and territories. It was a catchall document, as opposed to some of the other brochures available to the agents, which promoted only one region. It was also much more sophisticated in appearance than the earlier works. Designed by Rand McNally under the direction of the Immigration Branch, Canada West was filled with black and white pictures of prairie life and colorful maps of Canada and its regions. The magazine evolved over time, reflecting the changing reality of prairie farm life but also incorporating new advertising techniques. This paper focuses on the covers of Canada West rather than the text contained within. Many of the themes addressed in the covers are more explicitly identified in the written promotion, and where appropriate the text will be used to illustrate and elaborate on the topics discussed. The covers will be the focus, though, because they succinctly demonstrate that the Canadian government had an agenda of populating the prairies with prosperous white families.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.020 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.060 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".