Deep Basin Petroleum Formation from Neo-Formed Sources, the Mackenzie Delta, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Mackenzie Delta, N- Canada, contains 14 -16 km Tertiary and upper Cretaceous intervals of which the upper 5 km are drilled. Therefore estimates of deep basin hydrocarbon potential are one of the major uncertainties in this area. Basin modelling programs, laboratory experiments and hydrocarbon formation models are routinely used to extrapolate from shallower source rock properties to deep settings in the Mackenzie Delta. In the evaluation of deep basin hydrocarbon potential the presence of petroleum prone vs. exhausted source rocks is of major interest here. We show that the Mackenzie Delta sediments are associated with a great risk of underestimating the petroleum potential in overmature sequences. Some deltaic source rocks form a hydrocarbon prone material which degrades beyond the conventional window of primary and secondary hydrocarbon formation. This type of neo-formed macromolecular organic matter is not part of the original, immature organic matter and therefore is overlooked when using established peroleum prediction tools. It contains the potential for the generation of an additional 20% of hydrocarbons beyond the conventional petroleum formation window. This material is most likely formed through recombination processes under closed system conditions. Carbon isotopes of methane formed from this organic matter fits natural gas characteristics in the Mackenzie Delta. Kinetic models were developed which describe its formation and transformation. Applied to the Mackenzie Delta, the bottom of the hydrocarbon formation window is displaced to 2000 m greater depth relative to the conventional estimates. Our results significantly enhance the hydrocarbon prospectivity of deep sediments in deep basins.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".