Cumulative herbicide stress in corn and soybean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Twenty-four field experiments were conducted between 2005-2007 in Ontario and the United States to evaluate the effects of simulated drift followed by registered in-crop herbicides on corn and soybean. In corn, simulated glyphosate drift (200 g ai/ha) resulted in visual injury and a decrease in height, dry weight, stand count and yield. Simulated glyphosate drift followed by in-crop herbicides resulted in an additive response for all variables analyzed. In soybean, as the rate of simulated mesotrione or dicamba/diflufenzopyr drift increased, injury increased and dry weight, height and yield decreased. Simulated mesotrione drift followed by bentazon resulted in negative synergistic responses in respect to injury and additive responses in respect to yield. In contrast, antagonistic responses were observed when imazethapyr or glyphosate plus chlorimuron-ethyl were applied after simulated mesotrione drift. A negative synergistic yield response was observed with simulated dicamba/diflufenzopyr drift followed by chlorimuron-ethyl but not when followed by either imazethapyr or bentazon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".