Determining the differences in effect of chromate, chromite and chromium picolinate in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant concentrations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Ring of Fire is a region in the James Bay Lowlands of northern Ontario that houses a rich deposit of chromite and is slated for mining development. The goals of this study were to better understand the relative effects of Cr6+ to Cr3+ in rainbow trout, identify potential protein biomarkers to distinguish between Cr6+ and Cr3+ exposure, and determine whether chromium picolinate (a commonly prescribed nutritional supplement) is beneficial or harmful to fish. Proteomic analysis on the fish plasma showed no difference in Cr6+ and Cr3+ exposure across all concentrations and between chromium species. Decreased abundance in proteins associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and cardiomyopathy were also observed. These proteins were Trim21, Slc8a1, Myh4 and Myh6. For all, decreased abundance is associated with adverse outcomes. We hope that this study will advance knowledge on chromium toxicity in fish and protect all that inhabit the Ring of Fire region of Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".