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Record W6990344630

Devenir et effets des bitumes dilués dans les écosystèmes benthiques d’eau douce.

2023· other· fr· W6990344630 on OpenAlexaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueEspaceINRS Institutional Digital Repository (Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique) · 2023
Typeother
Languagefr
Field
Topic
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSiltationChironomus ripariusMacrobenthos
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Les réserves de pétrole conventionnel s’épuisent à travers le monde alors que la demande en hydrocarbures pétroliers continue d’augmenter. Pour répondre à ce besoin, divers projets d’exploration et d’exploitation pétrolières ont vu le jour tels que l’industrie des sables bitumineux qui exploite des pétroles non conventionnels au Canada. Ce type de projet augmente par la même occasion le risque de déversements dans les eaux de surface, motivant un nombre croissant d’études sur leur impact environnemental. Plusieurs aspects du devenir des produits d’extraction des sables bitumineux restent à ce jour méconnus. Une fois déversés dans le milieu aquatique, les hydrocarbures interagissent avec les matières en suspension pour former des agrégats susceptibles de sédimenter, exposant ainsi les organismes benthiques et épibenthiques à des composés potentiellement toxiques. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’évaluer la toxicité des bitumes dilués (dilbits) sur les organismes Chironomus riparius et Hyalella azteca en la comparant à un pétrole conventionnel. Les résultats ont montré que les amphipodes sont plus sensibles à une contamination aux hydrocarbures que les larves de chironomes, quel que soit le milieu d’exposition (eau ou sédiments). Les amphipodes étaient également plus marqués par le pétrole conventionnel que par les deux dilbits contrairement aux larves de chironomes, plus sensibles aux dilbits. Les hydrocarbures dissous dans la colonne d’eau ne persistaient pas, contrairement à ceux présents dans les sédiments contaminés. Il semblerait que la toxicité des dilbits soit principalement due à des composés légers, alors qu’une partie de la toxicité observée auprès de H. azteca pour le pétrole conventionnel serait liée à la présence de composés plus lourds. Le sédiment naturel apportait une protection contre les hydrocarbures dissous pour H. azteca, avec toutefois un effet variant suivant la concentration et le type de pétrole. Après 60 jours de vieillissement des sédiments contaminés, naturellement ou en présence de biochar enrichi en hydrolysat de maquereau (bioremédiation), les organismes survivaient mieux dans les sédiments vieillis naturellement, quel que soit le type de pétrole. Les organismes qui survivaient étaient plus petits en moyenne que les organismes non exposés, indépendamment de la méthode de remédiation et du pétrole. Les hydrocarbures ont également retardé l’émergence des chironomes. Les activités d’enzymes de détoxication se sont avérées être de mauvais biomarqueurs auprès des deux organismes. En conclusion, les travaux réalisés montrent que les critères provisoires de toxicité du sédiment sont trop permissifs dans le cas d’un déversement de pétrole lourd en milieu aquatique pour les invertébrés benthiques. <br /><br />Conventional oil reserves are being depleted around the world while the demand for petroleum hydrocarbons continues to grow. To meet this need, various petroleum exploration and development projects have emerged, such as the oil sands industry, which exploits unconventional oils in Canada. This type of project increases the risk of spills into surface waters, motivating a growing number of studies on their environmental impact. Many aspects of the fate of oil sands products remain unknown. Once spilled into the aquatic environment, hydrocarbons interact with suspended solids to form aggregates that can sediment, exposing benthic and epibenthic organisms to potentially toxic compounds. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the toxicity of diluted bitumen (dilbits) on the organisms Chironomus riparius and Hyalella azteca by comparing it to conventional oil. The results showed that amphipods are more sensitive to hydrocarbon contamination than chironomid larvae, regardless of the exposure medium (water or sediment). Amphipods were also more impacted by conventional oil than by the two dilbits unlike chironomid larvae, which were more sensitive to dilbits. The hydrocarbons dissolved in the water column did not persist, unlike those present in the contaminated sediment. It seems that the toxicity of dilbits is mainly due to light compounds, while part of the toxicity observed with H. azteca for conventional oil would be linked to the presence of heavier compounds. The natural sediment provided protection against dissolved hydrocarbons for H. azteca, although the effect varied with concentration and type of oil. After 60 days of aging contaminated sediment, either naturally or in the presence of biochar enriched with mackerel hydrolysate (bioremediation), organisms survived better in naturally aged sediment regardless of oil type. Surviving organisms were smaller on average than unexposed organisms, regardless of remediation method and oil. The oil also delayed the emergence of chironomids. Detoxification enzyme activities were found to be poor biomarkers in both organisms. In conclusion, the work carried out shows that the provisional sediment toxicity criteria are too permissive in the case of a heavy oil spill in aquatic environment for benthic invertebrates.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.012
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.042
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch, Meta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Scholarly communication, Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Research integrity
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.830
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0120.042
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0030.003
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.002
Bibliometrics0.0030.004
Science and technology studies0.0030.013
Scholarly communication0.0050.005
Open science0.0030.001
Research integrity0.0050.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.005

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.099
GPT teacher head0.346
Teacher spread0.247 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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Same venueEspaceINRS Institutional Digital Repository (Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique)French-language works237,207