Ecological and hydrological consequences of beaver activity in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Landscape and community level effects of beaver disturbance were investigated over a 60-year period in the boreal forest of Riding Mountain, Manitoba.Two sites were studied; both currently support high beaver populations, following reintroduction of the species in 1947.Beaver affect landscapes in two ways: (a) selective harvesting of aspen, altering forest stand structure, composition, and dynamics; (b) beaver damming, creating new wetland habitat.Beaver foraging distance ranged from24 m to 40 m.Large amounts of timber were harvest by beaver, ranging from 16.4 m2lhato 20.7 m2ftia (basal area).The number of beaver dams at one site increased from 12 in 1964 to 324 in 2004, resulting in a doubling of wetland habitat to I0o/o of the landscape.In addition, beaver were found to potentially affect 2l-26% of the forested landscape through their foraging activities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".