Distribution, density, and refuge use by squirrelfishes and soldierfishes (Holocentridae) in Barbados, West Indies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The squirrelfishes and soldierfishes, family Holocentridae, show site fidelity to their diurnal refuges on coral reefs. Species feeding at night on benthic crustaceans partition food and foraging habitats. However, it is not known whether holocentrids also partition diurnal resting habitats and refuge sites or how their density and size vary with habitat and refuge characteristics. I examined the diurnal distribution, density and size of holocentrids on the west coast of Barbados, West Indies, to determine how they are influenced by the habitat at three spatial scales. At the meso-scale, I surveyed 42 transects on seven sites located in five different zones of three different reefs. I recorded six holocentrid species that varied in density among sites and were strongly associated with habitat characteristics, although sites alone explained most of the variation. At the micro-scale, I recorded the presence of species and characterized substratum composition and topography of 5 quadrats (4 x 4 m) within each transect, but little of the variation in community composition was explained by habitat at this scale. At the refuge scale, four species common enough to analyze occupied 248 holes and spaces under ledges that varied in their volume, orientation, light intensity and presence of cleaner fish. Refuge volume was an important determinant of the biomass of the fishes it contained, due to positive relationships with both the number and size of the occupants, even though holocentrids were usually considerably smaller than the refuge they occupied. Species differed in social organizations and different species and social organizations occupied refuges of different sizes. This thesis provides the first detailed examination of diurnal habitat use in the Holocentridae and shows that their density, biomass and social organization is related to habitat and differs among species at some scales but not others.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".