Does the Healthy Immigrant Effect Disappear? Examining the Serbian Community in Toronto
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A large body of research has described the healthy immigrant effect – the phenomenon that immigrants are healthier than the native-born population in terms of chronic disease, self-assessed health, obesity, and mortality levels. However, much of this research has also pointed to the fact that with extended residence, immigrant health status declines and sometimes, converges to that of the Canadian-born population. Despite this growing body of work, qualitative studies examining this phenomenon in a specific ethnic community have yet to be presented. To fill this research gap, this paper reports on the results of 15 in-depth interviews with long-term Serbian immigrant women in Toronto, to explore their health status after extended residence in Canada. Of the women interviewed, 14 reported good health despite 11 to 22 years of residence in Canada. They also reported healthy lifestyle behaviours, access to a culturally appropriate physician, as well as close ties and social support from the Serbian community in Toronto. The results underscore the importance of qualitative research on specific immigrant ethnic groups in Canada to really drill deeply into individual perceptions of health and wellbeing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".