The Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Mammary Tumor Progression in the DMBA-carcinogen Animal Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Folate intake in North America has drastically increased over the past decade due to folic acid fortification and widespread supplemental use. The role of folate in breast cancer is highly controversial and the effects of folic acid supplementation on breast cancer patients are currently unknown. An animal study was performed to determine the effects of folic acid supplementation on the progression of the mammary tumors in the DMBA-carcinogen model. Folic acid supplementation was associated with more rapid sentinel tumor progression and with higher sentinel tumor weight, volume, and area, although no clear dose-responsive relationship was observed. Folic acid supplementation was associated with an increased expression of proapoptotic protein PARP and decreased expression of proliferation protein PCNA. These data suggest that folic acid supplementation may promote the progression of established mammary tumors. Whether or not folic acid supplementation may adversely affect the outcome of patients with breast cancer warrants further studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".