Enhancing flat plate heat convection using a pair of winglets – The effect of transverse spacing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We can manipulate the prevailing atmospheric wind to enhance the convective cooling of a solar photovoltaic panel and thus its energy conversion efficiency. The transverse spacing (D) of a delta winglet pair was examined for its role in convective heat transfer enhancement. A pair of winglets with an inclination angle of 90° and chord/height (c/h) ratio of 2 was positioned at an attack angle of 30° with respect to incoming wind at a Reynolds number, based on the winglet height, of 6300. The transverse distance, D, was varied from 0 to 3h in 1h increments. The Nusselt number normalized by the reference no-winglet case, Nu/Nu0, was determined from the surface temperature measured by a thermal camera. The D=2h case was found to lead to the largest Nu/Nu0. This significant heat transfer enhancement was explained in terms of vortical flow characteristics detailed at 10h downstream of the winglet pair, where the most potent downwash was induced when D=2h.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".