Exploring the roles of social support & community belonging in relation to the severity and duration of depression in Canadian seniors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined the effects of four types of social support and sense of community belonging on depression severity and duration in a sample of Canadian male and female seniors (age 65 – 80+ years of age). The present work builds on research conducted by Fowler et al. (2013) where the same variables were assessed in relation to Canadian men and women (ages 20-64). Data associated with 627 respondents were extracted from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS; Statistics Canada, 2002) and analyzed. Overall, tangible support was the only predictor of depression severity in both male and female seniors. Positive social support, tangible support, affection, age and sense of belonging predicted depression in both male and female senior depression duration. Separate gender analyses were also conducted and compared to the findings in the Fowler et al. (2013) study. Differences in depression severity and duration emerged for male and female seniors. These findings were conceptualized as representing facets of seniors’ social worlds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".