Exploring the role of the R: FR ratio in Glycine max. L. Merril (soybean) -weed competition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crop-weed competition is the result of processes driven by both resource and non-resource limitations. In this study, we explore the role of non-resource limiting competition, specifically the low R: FR ratio reflected from a surrogate weedy competitor in determining the onset and outcome of soybean-weed competition. Growth cabinet and field studies were designed to eliminate direct competition for resources. We measured the reflected R: FR ratio from a surrogate weedy competitor on the morphology and phenology of soybean. Results indicated that the low R: FR ratio caused soybean seedlings to express shade avoidance, which resulted in reductions to the rate of leaf appearance and biomass accumulation. In the growth cabinet, these reductions defined a critical period for weed control that occurred from the V1 to V3 stage of soybean development. In the field, early shade avoidance reduced soybean yield. These results provide further understanding in the potential role of the R: FR ratio as a mechanism explaining early season soybean-weed competition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".