Examining police-involved anti-gang programs and strategies in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, the Lower Mainland District (LMD) in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada, has experienced an increase in gang violence as a result of the illicit drug trade. This major paper explores police-involved anti-gang programs and strategies for at-risk and gang-involved youth in the LMD. After reviewing the scholarly literature published in North America, this major paper examines the research on gang prevention, intervention, suppression, and comprehensive programs determined to be effective for gang-involved youth. In addition to a review of the literature, this major paper specifically examines two youth gang prevention programs, namely the Surrey Wraparound program and the Abbotsford Youth Crime Prevention Project, which are both currently funded by the National Crime Prevention Centre’s (NCPC) Youth Gang Prevention Fund (YGPF). The research findings highlight the opportunities for researchers, educators, and policy makers to implement appropriate gang prevention programs that can help reduce gang violence in the LMD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".