Evaluating Public Participation in Canadian Municipal Climate Change Adaptation Plans
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research employs a qualitative content analysis to evaluate public participation in municipal climate adaptation plans in Canada. I conducted quantitative scoring and qualitative coding based on the assessment framework adapted from Uittenbroek et al. (2019). The framework highlights three dimensions of public participation: (a) Who participates, (b) When, and (c) How. This study highlights four key findings. First, the majority of plans do not engage with a wide range of community stakeholders, suggesting that the complete representation of community interests is not being included. Second, participation is occurring throughout the planning process in half of the plans, demonstrating a need to increase the number of opportunities for participation. Third, plans were inconsistent in clearly articulating whether participation influenced decision-making in plan development. Finally, plans are inconsistent in their application of the quantity and variety of participation mechanisms. These findings offer insight into public participation in Canadian municipal adaptation planning.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.026 | 0.043 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".