Fatigue Tests and Design of Thin Cold-Formed Square Hollow Section-to-Plate T-Connections under In-Plane Bending
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thin-walled tubular sections (t<4 mm) are increasingly being used in the road transportation industry and agricultural industry for applications such as lighting poles, traffic sign supports, truck trailers, swing-ploughs, haymakers, and linkage graders. These structures are subjected to fatigue loading and some failures have been observed. Both the International Institute of Welding and International Committee for the Development and Study of Tubular Construction fatigue guides for welded tubular joints apply only to tubes with a thickness above 4 mm. This paper deals with the fatigue design of tube-to-plate T joints under cyclic in-plane bending using the classification method. Forty-eight specimens, made up by welding a square hollow section tube (t<4 mm) to a plate, are fatigue tested. The effects of in-line galvanizing, steel grade, stress ratio, and tube wall thickness on the fatigue life of these joints are investigate. The design stress range-to-number of cycles (S-N) curves, derived from the least squares method of analysis, show that the S-N curves for the tube-to-plate joints lie above the existing S-N curves in the Australian, European, and Canadian standards.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".