First Nebraska State Collection Record of the Mountian Pine Beetle, <i>Dendroctonus Ponderosae</i> Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is the most destructive bark beetle in western North America (Furniss and Carolin 1977). Extensive outbreaks are currently in progress across the region. In 2009 alone, approximately 0.41 and 0.49 million hectares (1.0 and 1.2 million acres) were affected in Colorado and Wyoming, respectively, and since 1996, an estimated 160,000 hectares (396,000 acres) in the Black Hills of Wyoming and South Dakota have been impacted (USDA Forest Service 2010). The mountain pine beetle attacks many pine species including Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum (Engelm.) E. Murray, and limber pine, Pinus flexilis James (Pinaceae), both native to Nebraska, as well as exotics such as Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris L., which is widely planted in Nebraska. The mountain pine beetle occurs in British Columbia and Alberta, throughout the western United States, and into northern Mexico (Wood 1982), yet to our knowledge recorded confirmation from Nebraska is lacking both in published literature and in collections. Here we present documentation that the mountain pine beetle is currently widespread at low densities across western Nebraska.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".